Terms to Know for Chapter 4 Part One

So I wrote these out last night before I knew we were going to have terms given to us, and because of that they don't match up word for word. But I went over them again and they have everything you need to know, some "terms" are just explained inside other terms, but everything's there. And these are going to be in two parts okay?

Part One:

1. Samuel de Champlain- established Quebec to pursue the fur trade; allied himself with local tribes including the Hurons; Frenchmen gave Indians goods; he encouraged more immigration to Canada and also had French people live with the Indians to learn their ways; engaged the Jesuits; Champlain died just before the old rivalry between the Hurons and the Iroquois League was revived (Cartier was the first guy who explored the Canadian area for France) [there's a Lake Champlain up in VT where they have these cliffs people go cliff jumping off of into the lake, it's pretty intense, and I found a pic!!!]

2. Relations with Indians- Champlain was greeted warmly by Hurons, Algonquins, and Montagnais, but to prove his loyalty he accompanied them on a campaign against the Mohawks and killed two of their chiefs; Indians became partners with French in the fur trade, but Champlain forced Jesuits missions upon the natives; French pressure caused friction in native communities

3. Fur trade- French traded with Indians for tens of thousands of otter, racoon, and beaver pelts; mainland France dismissed Quebec as a comptoir, but it earned profitable revenues; drew the attention of the Dutch; impacted by the collapse of the beaver population (beaver pelts were valuable because they were waterproof, who knew?)

4. Quebec- established by Samuel de Champlain in 1608. Economy revolved around the fur trade, part of New France; most immigrants to New France eventually returned to Europe

5. Couriers de bois- 'runners in the woods' were French men and boys Champlain encouraged to live with Indian families and learn their language and customs; used this system to bind his native allies closer and closer to the colonial project; and showed that the French were more observant of the native people than the English and the Spanish (remember that thought)

6. Jesuits- memebers of the Society of Jesus, a result of the Counter-Reformation which we obviously don't need to discuss; they were Catholic missionaries; more flexible than the Franciscans, they set up missions among the native peoples; Christian Indians recieved better prices for their furs, but French religious pressure on Indians to accept European customs and religion caused friction among native communities and in Huron societies

[You know you've always wanted to see a picture of one of these]

7. Dutch colonies- the Dutch had little desire to plant permanent colonies abroad because they enjoyed prosperity and freedom of religion at home; but they wanted to tap into North American wealth; established New netherlands in Connecticut and Delaware area; Iroquois League traded with Dutch and had access to weapons to use against the Hurons, sold plundered pelts to the Dutch, because beaver population had collapsed in their area

8. Dutch West India Company- established trading outpost at Fort Orange in Albany; appointed corrupt, dictatorial governors who ruled without an elective assembly; went bankrupt in 1654 and virtually abandoned its North American colonies; James Duke of York took over the New Netherlands for England

9. Iroquois League- made up of the Mohawks, Oneidas, Onondagas, Cayugas and Senecas; gained access to European goods through the Dutch; fought the Hurons in the Beaver Wars; destroyed the Hurons and sought new hunting grounds and new captives to replenish their diminishing populations

10. Beaver Wars- during the 17th century; fought between Iroquois League (Mohawks) and other native tribes including the Hurons; sparked by the collapse of the beaver population, the arrival of French and Duthc, disease in the 1630s, and the dramatic expansion in regional arms trade; a series of conflicts as profoundly transformative for the colonial north as the Indian slave wars were for the south

11. Iroquois and Hurons- old rivals; fought each other during the Beaver wars; traded with the Dutch and French respectively; Iroquois defeated and dispersed the Hurons [when I say Iroquois, if you want to, you can insert 'Mohawks', or another interesting term of you choice such as the name of an administrator at our school: it makes the story more interesting =P]

12. French migration- the Beaver Wars almost led to the destruction of New France; the conflict compelled the French to take a more expansive view of the continent; French moved to Western Great Lakes (pays d'en haut); explored the Mississippi region- seemed stratigic key to success in North America; courted native peoples as they encountered them and impressed them with their knowledge of Indian ways (the book probably made that up- the Indians weren't impressed)

13. Mississippi colonization- New France set up colonies in the Mississippi region, helped broker an uneasy peace between the Iroquois and native peoples to the West; they extended their influence over a vast region; and fortified its colonial core along the St. Lawrence. French hoped that their native allies could help contain the Spanish to the West and limit English expansion to the East

14. Huguenots- French Calvinists; Canada was off-limits to them because the King of France deemed New France an only Catholic area; the Princeton AP reviews says that the Huguenots were happy to stay in France because the Edict of Nantes had been passed, but the author (who seems crazy) didn't account for when that Edict was pulled...

15. Puritans- 'radical' Presbyterians or Congregationalnists who belived that England's government hampered rather than promoted religious purity and social order; they also thought that the State had not done enough to purify the corruptions in the English Church; wished to limit membership and the privileges of baptism and communion to godly men and women

[Puritan cartoon time!]

[okay, you know it's funny! I found that when we were doing our Puritan projects for English]

16. James I- succeeded Elizabeth I in 1603; vowed to purge England of all radical Protestant reformers, pushed the Separatists out of England; 1624 turns Virginia into a royal colony

17. Separatists- devout Congregationalists who concluded that the Chruch of Egnland was too corrupt to be reformed; believed in predestination; originally moved first to Holland and then to Virginia; landed in Plymouth, MA; leader was William Bradford; by spring 1621 half the immigrants had died

18. Plymouth- place where the Pilgrims landed; might have become another doomed colony if the native people had not helped them; the Wampanoags dominated the lands around Plymouth; in the eyes of English law, the Plymouth settlers had no clear basis for their land claims or their government, for they had neither a royal charter nor approval from the Crown

19. Wampanoag- native people who lived in the lands around Plymouth; their chief's name was Masasoit, agreed to help starving colonists and were eager to obtain trade goods and assistance against native enemies; Squanto spoke English and helped them cultivate crops

20. Mayflower Compact- framework of Puritan government; provided for a governor and several assistants to advise him, elected annually by Plymouth's adult males

This is the end of Part One, Part Two will be up before midnight!